Breast cancer recurrence is a challenging reality that some patients may face even after completing treatment. The disease can return months or even years later, appearing in the same breast, nearby lymph nodes, or distant organs like the lungs, liver, bones, or brain. Early detection, medical guidance, and a strong support system are vital for navigating this difficult phase.
A recurrence can be subtle or dramatic, depending on its location. Local recurrence may present symptoms similar to the initial diagnosis, such as new lumps, nipple discharge or flattening, or thickened skin. Regional recurrence might cause a lump in the armpit or near the collarbone, arm pain, or sudden swelling. Distant recurrence can manifest as backaches, persistent cough, headaches, or fatigue.
Dr. Deepak Jha, Chief of Breast Surgery at Artemis Hospitals, explains that even with treatments like chemotherapy or radiation, some cancer cells may evade detection. These resistant cells can remain dormant and later grow back stronger. They might escape through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, leading to regional or metastatic recurrence. Risk factors include diagnosis under 35, aggressive cancer types like triple-negative or inflammatory breast cancer, and stopping treatment early.
Treatment varies based on the recurrence's location and extent. For local recurrence, surgery (lumpectomy or mastectomy) may be recommended. Other cases might involve radiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy. Survival rates differ: local or regional recurrences have an 80–95% survival rate, while metastatic recurrences drop to 25–30% over five years.
Facing a recurrence can be disheartening, but Dr. Jha emphasizes that it's not a patient's fault. He advises openness with oncologists and focusing on a healthy lifestyle, including diet, exercise, and support groups for strength and perspective.